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The Seven Deadly Sins of Psychology: A Manifesto for Reforming the Culture of Scientific Practice, by Chris Chambers
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Why psychology is in peril as a scientific discipline―and how to save itPsychological science has made extraordinary discoveries about the human mind, but can we trust everything its practitioners are telling us? In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that a lot of research in psychology is based on weak evidence, questionable practices, and sometimes even fraud. The Seven Deadly Sins of Psychology diagnoses the ills besetting the discipline today and proposes sensible, practical solutions to ensure that it remains a legitimate and reliable science in the years ahead.In this unflinchingly candid manifesto, Chris Chambers draws on his own experiences as a working scientist to reveal a dark side to psychology that few of us ever see. Using the seven deadly sins as a metaphor, he shows how practitioners are vulnerable to powerful biases that undercut the scientific method, how they routinely torture data until it produces outcomes that can be published in prestigious journals, and how studies are much less reliable than advertised. He reveals how a culture of secrecy denies the public and other researchers access to the results of psychology experiments, how fraudulent academics can operate with impunity, and how an obsession with bean counting creates perverse incentives for academics. Left unchecked, these problems threaten the very future of psychology as a science―but help is here.Outlining a core set of best practices that can be applied across the sciences, Chambers demonstrates how all these sins can be corrected by embracing open science, an emerging philosophy that seeks to make research and its outcomes as transparent as possible.
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Product details
Hardcover: 288 pages
Publisher: Princeton University Press (April 25, 2017)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0691158908
ISBN-13: 978-0691158907
Product Dimensions:
6 x 1 x 9.2 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.3 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
3.8 out of 5 stars
15 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#700,806 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
A very technical book largely intended for those with advanced degrees in psychology, a background in statistics, and an immersion in the nasty and back-stabbing politics of academia. Fortunately, that's me. The chapters on each of seven "sins" are hugely enlightening but somewhat redundant; the final chapter in which the author goes on endlessly about his own proposed solutions is tedious, repetitious, and just plain self-promoting. But for those of us who have suffered the slings of academic research and always suspected that the system was rigged and broken, the fist seven chapters are well worth the read!
This book makes many very important points, but few that have not been made elsewhere. Good to have them collected together. But the book is rather repetitive.
Adam Smith, in his book The Theory of Moral Sentiments, wrote that "[…] self-deceit, this fatal weakness of mankind, is the source of half the disorders of human life". He could have been writing about modern psychology, a discipline so overwhelmed by self-deceit that, not without irony, has fallen prey to the exact same follies of human nature that it has helped discover. The discipline was so unaware of its own insights that it failed to include them into their epistemology - producing bundles of nonsensical trite, newspaper-hungry scientific malpractice. Chambers writes early on that "If we continue as we are then psychology will diminish as a reputable science and could very well disappear" (p. ix). This is no hyperbole.Decades of bad professional incentives, mischievous research practices (including outright fraud), a culture of statistical ignorance, plus the ability to keep experimental data hidden from scrutiny, have snowballed into a large-scale crisis, regardless of the many reputable incumbents who deny it. Recent events like the publication of a paper pertaining to prove the existence of precognition in a reputable psychological journal, the discovery of Stapel's data fabrication, or the bleak results from the reproducibility project are but a small part of a larger monster Chambers tries to show to the reader.Chambers has done a commendable and courageous job summarizing the many layers of this crisis, producing the most solid, pedagogical, and intellectually honest distillation I've seen so far. He pulls no punches: proper names are used when needed, and towering figures of the discipline don't come out unscathed. Chambers manages to explain many complex statistical subjects with pristine clarity; anyone interested in the subject, especially those without a background in statistics, can pick up the book and understand the technical nuances of this crisis. He explains the sources of unreliability of psychological research: from p-hacking to small-sample low-powered studies; the misleading obsession with journals prioritizing "breathtaking†findings; the equivocations of placing too much faith in conceptual but not statistical replications; the look-the-other-way culture of data secrecy; the acceptably vague description of methods; the downright fraudulent work or the obsession with the wrong metrics for scientific contribution. He writes: "Instead of valuing the reproducibility of results, psychology has embraced a tabloid culture where novelty and interest-value are paramount and the truth is left begging" (pp. 47-48).As an outsider, the only downside I find in this book is the lack of discussion of the role of theory in the crisis. My biggest surprise in reading the book was to find that psychology appears to be a discipline completely undisciplined by theory; how else can they come up with so many silly research questions? Theory and evidence are like systole and diastole - two inextricable parts of any attempt to build knowledge. Nevertheless, none of Chambers' 7 Deadly Sins lays much fault in psychological theory itself. For instance, when I read on p. 66 the hypothesis that lonelier people take longer showers because they compensate the lack of warmth in their lives with warm water (Bargh & Shalev, 2012), my reaction was not to ask myself if such a research question merits replication, or methodological scrutiny, but just: who cares? What is the great insight expected from testing that hypothesis in that way? Why are so many trivial questions being asked in the first place? I still don't have a satisfactory answer to these questions, perhaps because I'm not a psychologist myself. But there seems to be something deeply wrong in a discipline that has such a feeble relationship between its theories and the evidence it purportedly devices to support them.Aside from this minor quibble, the book is a great snapshot of a disquieting and important problem. I came out from reading the book with a much better understanding of what's unfolding. As the crisis in psychology is mostly sociological, beware of biased reviews attacking the book or his author - especially if they come from the psychological establishment. (I venture a prediction: reviews will be bimodal, with lots of highs, lots of lows and not much in between). Hopefully, this won't stop the book's message spreading like a wildfire through the discipline, helping bring an end to this longstanding self-deceit.Overall, a fantastic read.
This is a comprehensive and readable account of the current crisis in psychology, explaining in easily understood terms the underlying causes of sloppy science. Chambers has an engaging, conversational tone, and he describes his own career and the way that these concerns relate to his advocacy. The stories illustrating each point should help folks who aren't in the field appreciate the pressures and human failings that make science less reliable. The problems with the current incentive and system in research are easily the most important thing going on in psychology right now, and are increasingly being discovered in other sciences (e.g. cancer biology). Getting a handle on when and why science fails--and how we can improve it--should be at the top of every policy maker and psychologist's priority list. This book is a comprehensive guide to the problems and solutions.
I did psychological research and I assisted others with their analyses - statistical and reasoning. Often I was aghast at the twists and turns taken, not to explore, but to find "significance." I applaud Dr. Chambers for taking a stand and for putting together a path to restore integrity to a valuable science that in practical application can be so beneficial.
As a psychometrician and opponent of the "publish or perish" mindset, I can't recommend this book highly enough! It's a very thorough, accessible, and entertaining description of the 7 deadly sins apparent in the world of psychological research. Psychologists and cognitive neuroscientists with shaky statistical knowledge and tiny datasets; journals that refuse to publish solid replication studies or well-supported non-significant findings; ambitious researchers who chase the publication "star" mindset so frantically that they lose their ethical moorings and fake their data - it's all here, all footnoted, and revealed in an organized and eminently readable way. I came away with new information and a changed attitude toward journals like PLOS ONE and online data repositories. I'd have loved this book even if Chris Chambers had not dismantled the ridiculous formula for journal "impact factor," which he does, humbly revealing his own past misconceptions about it along the way. This book should be required reading for EVERY psychology grad student, and most of their mentors as well.
Outstanding discussion of some of the methodological problems in psychological science. But, importantly, offers a number of valuable solutions that could enable psychology to lead the way in methodological reform. I would strongly recommend this book to all consumers of research in behavioral science, but, most importantly, to students and researchers. Game-changing.
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